The engineering and design of novel devices,
systems, biologically based parts as well as the redesign of naturally existing
biological systems is known as synthetic biology or engineering of biology. It
is done to develop genetically modified organisms so that new preferred
functions can be performed leading to increase in biological systems
production. Synthetic biology is a new and revolutionary method of bioscience
in which engineering principles are applied to biology in order to make new
biological devices, systems and parts. Recently synthetic biology has entered
the commercial market and is passing through a nascent stage. Currently there
are consumer products in the market such as on department store shelves or
grocery that contains the ingredients made by using advanced form of
manufacturing and engineering. The original aim of synthetic biology was the
production of biofuels and in the recent past it has extended to the industries
such as scents, flavorings, cosmetics and others.
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There is also the usage of standard industrial
fermentation and molecular biology for the production of sustainable, renewable
algal oils that would pacify pressure that is there on ecosystem due to habitat
destruction and deforestation. Development of cheap synthesis procedures in
life sciences is one of the most important roles of synthetic biology.DNA
sequencing knowledge is built by synthetic biology and also there is
expectation of development of bio based chemicals, medicines, improvement of
food crops and sources of green energy. There are some potential environmental
applications of synthetic biology such as bio-transformation,distinct
chemicals immobilization,detection of environmental pathogens and contaminants,
in situ biodegradation and others which would attract the governments of
various LDC’s and developing counties to invest on the same. The drivers for
the market are molecular biology advancement, fall in the cost of data
generation due to decreasing prices of DNA sequencing, increase in government
funding and rise in demand of renewable energy such as biofuels, increasing
demand of improved vaccines and drugs and rising demand for genetically
modified crops due to the increasing population.
Key product segments of synthetic biology market
are core products and enabling products. Core product comprises synthetic
genes, synthetic DNA, synthetic cells, chassis organisms and XNA (xeno nucleic
acid) whereas enabling product segment comprises oligonucleotide synthesis and
DNA synthesis. Synthetic DNA has the largest market share as it has high market
penetration rate due to its extensive use in R&D and more of
commercialization than any other product segments.
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